Perms have made a significant comeback in recent years, and with modern advancements, there’s a type of perm for nearly every hair type and style preference. Whether you’re aiming for tight curls or loose waves, this guide will help you navigate the variety of perm options available today.
What Is a Perm?
A perm, short for “permanent,” is a chemical treatment designed to create curls or waves that last longer than temporary styling methods. This process involves using chemicals and rods or rollers to alter the hair’s natural texture, adding body and movement.
Tatiana Dudley, a hairstylist and Moroccanoil ambassador, explains that today’s perms are milder and less damaging than those from the past. Modern perms emphasize conditioning and hair health, making them a more appealing option for many.
How Perms Work
Perms work by breaking and re-forming the disulfide bonds in the hair. Here’s a basic overview of the perming process:
- Preparation: Hair is washed with a clarifying shampoo to remove any buildup.
- Wrapping: The hair is wrapped around rods or rollers.
- Application: A perm solution is applied to break the disulfide bonds.
- Processing: Depending on the perm type, the hair may be exposed to heat (hot perm) or not (cold perm).
- Neutralizing: A neutralizer is applied to re-form the bonds and lock in the curl.
The entire process can take up to two hours, depending on the type of perm and the hair’s length and condition.
Types of Perms
Each type of perm offers different curl patterns and effects. Here’s a rundown of the most popular perms available today:
Spiral Perm
Ideal For: Shoulder-length hair or longer.
Effect: Creates tight, ringlet curls by wrapping hair vertically around rods.
Best For: Adding volume and tight curls to fine or low-density hair.
Digital Perm
Ideal For: All hair lengths.
Effect: Uses infrared heat and temperature-controlled rods to create a mix of natural waves and tighter curls.
Best For: Defined curls when dry and looser waves when wet.
Body Wave
Ideal For: Any hair type.
Effect: Uses larger rods and milder perm solutions for a soft wave or bend.
Best For: Adding texture and volume to straight hair.
Beach Waves Perm
Ideal For: All hair lengths.
Effect: Uses foam rollers to create loose, beachy waves.
Best For: Achieving a relaxed, natural look.
Root Perm
Ideal For: Straight hair needing volume.
Effect: Adds volume to the roots while controlling frizz along the hairline.
Best For: Boosting volume close to the roots.
Pin-Curl Perm
Ideal For: Short to medium-length hair.
Effect: Creates soft, loose waves by wrapping hair around pins instead of rods.
Best For: Bouncy, springy curls.
Partial/Spot Perm
Ideal For: Specific areas of the hair.
Effect: Treats a particular section, often the top, to enhance natural curls or symmetry.
Best For: Targeting uneven curl patterns.
Relaxer
Ideal For: Very curly or frizzy hair.
Effect: Uses a chemical solution to straighten hair, differing from traditional perms.
Best For: Smoothing out curly or textured hair.
Stack Perm
Ideal For: Adding shaggy waves.
Effect: Creates texture primarily from mid-lengths to ends.
Best For: Volumizing and texturizing the lower part of the hair.
Multi-Textured Hair
Ideal For: All hair types.
Effect: Combines different-sized rollers to create a mix of tight curls and loose waves.
Best For: Achieving a natural, varied curl pattern.
Volumizing Perm
Ideal For: All hair types and lengths.
Effect: Uses various rod sizes to add relaxed volume.
Best For: Boosting volume throughout the hair with a softer wave.
Pros and Cons of Perms
Pros:
- Adds volume and texture.
- Reduces styling time for curly or wavy hair.
- Provides long-lasting curls or waves.
Cons:
- Potential for dryness and damage due to strong chemicals.
- Requires maintenance and care to prevent breakage.
- Effects grow out with new hair growth, needing touch-ups.
Hair Type Considerations
Before choosing a perm, consult a specialist to consider your hair’s texture, length, health, and porosity. This ensures the chosen perm will achieve the desired curl pattern while maintaining hair health.
Maintaining Your Curls
Post-perm care is crucial for maintaining curl shape and hair health:
- Avoid washing or wetting hair for at least 72 hours after the perm.
- Use sulfate-free, moisturizing shampoos and conditioners.
- Avoid heat styling and use a wide-tooth comb instead of a brush.
- Regular trims help prevent damage and maintain shape.
Perms can be a fantastic way to revitalize your hairstyle with curls and waves that offer both style and ease. By understanding the different types and considering your hair’s needs, you can choose a perm that best suits your look and lifestyle.